Presedintele Asociatiei Fermierilor din Romania (AFR), Daniel Botanoiu, sustine ca Romania va avea in acest an o productie de grau de circa 14 milioane de tone , cea mai mare din 1997 incoace, insa preturile actuale nu sunt avantajoase deloc pentru fermieri.
La culturile de primavara, in schimb, sunt probleme mari, existand zone din tara unde porumbul si floarea soarelui inregistreaza pierderi semnificative.
„Dupa doi ani de probleme, in 2023 si 2024, producatorii romani au beneficiat de conditii favorabile in primavara acestui an. Ploile abundente din aprilie-mai au refacut umiditatea solului si au condus la o dezvoltare productiva consistenta. Cu un randament mediu estimat de 4,97 tone/hectar, estimarile pentru sezonul 2025/2026 variaza intre 13,3 si 14 milioane tone, ceea ce ar reprezenta o crestere spectaculoasa si un nivel record al productiei de grau din 1997 incoace”, a declarat pentru AGERPRES Daniel Botanoiu.
In 2024, Romania a avut o productie de grau de 9,29 milioane tone, ceea ce reprezinta cel mai slab rezultat din ultimul deceniu, in scadere cu 3,% fata de anul anterior.
Citeste si EXCLUSIV – Top 100 producatori de porumb din Romania, in 2024
Daniel Botanoiu mai mentioneaza si faptul ca majorarea estimata pentru 2025 – de peste 40% fata de 2024 – este dublata de o calitate superioara a recoltei. Datele preliminare indica faptul ca graul romanesc din acest an depaseste calitativ recoltele din Franta si Germania, afectate de precipitatii excesive.
„In 2024, in multe regiuni, calitatea recoltei de grau din Romania a fost sub presiunea secetei severe (sud, est, sud-vest), generand pierderi importante de productie si calitate reconfirmata ca slaba. In schimb, in 2025, ploile abundente din aprilie-mai au refacut umiditatea solului si au condus la o dezvoltare productiva consistenta. Calitatea recoltei este descrisa drept superioara celei din Franta si Germania, tari afectate de ploi excesive si conditii nefavorabile”, a precizat Botanoiu.
Romania a exportat in acest an aproximativ 5,48 milioane tone de grau, fata de 6,40 milioane tone in anul anterior, iar valoarea totala a exporturilor a fost de 1,24 miliarde de euro‚ comparativ cu 1,46 miliarde euro in anul precedent, potrivit datelor AFR.
Porumbul, afectat de seceta
Estimarile Comisiei Europene indica o productie de peste 10 milioane tone de porumb pentru Romania in 2025, fata de 6 milioane tone, anul trecut. De asemenea, la floarea-soarelui, productia este estimata la 2,22 milioane tone, nivel care ar mentine Romania in pozitia de lider european.
„Comisia Europeana estimeaza o productie de porumb de aproximativ 10,12 milioane tone pentru Romania in 2025, mult peste productia din 2024 (circa 6 milioane de tone) si peste media ultimilor 5 ani. Alte surse confirma cifra similara, intre 10,1 si 10,128 milioane de tone. De asemenea, CE estimeaza o recolta de floarea soarelui de aproximativ 2,22 milioane tone pentru 2025, cu aproximativ 7% peste media ultimilor 5 ani. Si alte analize aduc estimari similare de 2,2 milioane tone pentru sezonul 2025/2026, Romania pastrandu-si statutul de lider UE, afirma presedintele AFR.
In teren, insa, situatia este dificila pentru multi fermieri, mai ales in zonele fara sisteme de irigatii. In aceste cazuri, perspectivele pentru culturile insamantate de primavara acestui an, respectiv pentru porumb, floarea-soarelui si soia, sunt la acest moment incerte.
„Porumbul, in zonele neirigate, e deja istorie. Estimarile optimiste de 10 milioane tone la porumb sunt valabile doar pe hartie si sunt realizate pana in luna iunie. O estimare realista la porumb putem face abia in septembrie. Ce vedem acum in multe judete? Porumbul e deja uscat. In sud, daca mai are doua frunze verzi. Floarea-soarelui mai rezista cat de cat, dar cu productii de 1.500-2.000 kg/ha, in cel mai bun caz’, avertizeaza Daniel Botanoiu.
Preturi mai mici
Presedintele AFR spune ca in lipsa irigatiilor, impactul pentru culturi este devastator – „Pe terase, in zonele neirigate, e dezastru. Unde nu ai irigatii, nu prea mai cum sa rotesti culturile, nici ce sa planifici”.
Presedintele AFR avertizeaza si in privinta preturilor.
„Anul trecut vindeam graul cu 97 de bani/kg la ferma, mergea chiar spre 1 leu/kg. Acum e 85 – 87 de bani. Desi fermierii au recoltat mai mult anul acesta, veniturile sunt mai mici. Fermierii vin dupa doi ani de pierderi, cu datorii, iar furnizorii nu mai lasa pe nimeni sa intarzie nici macar o zi la plata. Acest lucru obliga multi fermieri sa vanda imediat, in conditii nefavorabile. Practic, se aleg cu praf in conturi”, spune seful AFR.
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